"CHURCH AND STATE" FRACTURE OF WHAT, FRACTURE FOR WHAT...
https://doi.org/10.4081/ilpolitico.2019.248
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A crucial feature of Italian history is the multifaceted relationship between State and papacy, a relationship which has been at times conflicting, at times friendly but always existing in the different phases of the nation building process. On the one hand, the Roman Question and the 19th-century Unification events are based on several rifts and highlight their antagonism. On the other, a reconciliation can be seen after the Resistance Movement when the Church became a protagonist of the Republican Democratic system and during the Constitution writing period, based on reciprocal efforts and on the utopia of a fertile dialogue. Overall, and this is true since the Capture of Rome (1870), the Italian State had always had to measure itself with the enduring presence of the papacy.
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