A review of the effect of medicinal plant on helminthic infections
https://doi.org/10.4081/idhm.2021.127
Accepted: 7 April 2021
All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations, or those of the publisher, the editors and the reviewers. Any product that may be evaluated in this article or claim that may be made by its manufacturer is not guaranteed or endorsed by the publisher.
Nowadays, parasitic worm infection is one of the most critical global health problems. Worm infections cause severe detriments to the livestock industry and also it can cause irreparable damages to immunocompromised persons. Therefore, the present study aimed to review conducted research on the treatment of worm diseases using medicinal plants’ extract. In this systematic review, seven databases including 4 English (Scopus, PubMed, ScienceDirect, Google Scholar) and 3 Persian databases (Magiran, ISC, SID) were obtained between 2008 and 2020 to evaluate conducted studies related to the aim of the current review. Most of the studies focused on the Balanites aegyptiaca and Carica papaya plant. Water was the most common solvent (38.1%) and then it was methanol. The most studied parasite was Haemonchus contortus (35.5%), followed by Aacharidia galli (10.5%). Studies showed that plant extracts could reduce effect of worm infections in the host compared to synthetic drugs. Plant extracts can produce a medicine based on natural compounds and effective on worms with fewer side effects than synthetic drugs.
Daumerie D, Savioli L. Working to overcome the global impact of neglected tropical diseases: first WHO report on neglected tropical diseases, vol. 1. Geneva: World Health Organization, 2010.
Perry BD. Investing in animal health research to alleviate poverty. ILRI (aka ILCA and ILRAD), 2002.
Bull K, Cook A, Hopper NA, et al. Effects of the novel anthelmintic emodepside on the locomotion, egg-laying behaviour and development of Caenorhabditis elegans. Int J Parasitol 2007;37:627-36.
Cheraghipour K, Moridnia A, Sharifi M, et al. The effect of medicinal plant extracts on helminthes: A systematic review. J Isfahan Med Sch 2019;37:462-74.
Satyavati GV. Use of plant drugs in Indian traditional systems of medicine an their relevance to primary health care. New Delhi, India: Indian Council of Medical Reserch; 1985.
Liu LX, Weller PF. An update on antiparasitic drugs. N Engl J Med 1996;334:1178-84.
Qi Z. WHO Traditional Medicine Strategy. 2014-2023. Geneva: World Health Organisation; 2013.
Deori K, Yadav AK. Anthelmintic effects of Oroxylum indicum stem bark extract on juvenile and adult stages of Hymenolepis diminuta (Cestoda), an in vitro and in vivo study. Parasitol Res 2016;115:1275-85.
Keiser PB, Nutman TB. Strongyloides stercoralis in the immunocompromised population. Clin Microbiol Rev 2004;17;208-17.
Bhardwaj LK, Anand L, Chandrul KK, Patil KS. In-vitro anthelmintic activity of Ficus benghalensis Linn leaves extracts. Asian J Pharm Clin Res, 2012;5:118-20.
Bazh EKA, El-Bahy NM. In vitro and in vivo screening of anthelmintic activity of ginger and curcumin on Ascaridia galli. Parasitol Res 2013;112:3679-86.
Roy B. Anthelmintic activity of Artemisia maritima against Artyfechinostomum sufrartyfex, a zoonotic parasite in north-east India. Riv Parassitol 2003;64:143-8.
Faridnia R, Kalani H, Fakhar M, Akhtari J. Investigating in vitro anti-leishmanial effects of silibinin and silymarin on Leishmania major. Ann Parasitol 2018;64:29-35.
Eskandarian AA, Jafari H, Asghari G, et al. In vitro antileishmanial activity of Falcaria vulgaris fractions on Leishmania major. Jundishapur J Nat Pharm Prod 2017;12:e63754.
Mirzaei F, Bafghi AF, Mohaghegh MA, et al. In vitro anti-leishmanial activity of Satureja hortensis and Artemisia dracunculus extracts on Leishmania major promastigotes. J Parasit Dis 2016;40:1571-4.
Machen RV, Craddock F, Craig T, Fuchs TW. A Haemonchus contortus management plan for sheep and goats in Texas. Texas FARMER Collect 1998.
Sambodo P, Prastowo J, Kurniasih K, Indarjulianto S. In vitro potential anthelmintic activity of Biophytum petersianum on Haemonchus contortus. Vet World 2018;11:1.
von Son-de Fernex E, Alonso-Díaz MA, Valles-de la Mora B, Capetillo-Leal CM. In vitro anthelmintic activity of five tropical legumes on the exsheathment and motility of Haemonchus contortus infective larvae. Exp Parasitol 2012;131:413-8.
Ferreira LE, Castro PMN, Chagas ACS, et al. In vitro anthelmintic activity of aqueous leaf extract of Annona muricata L.(Annonaceae) against Haemonchus contortus from sheep. Exp Parasitol 2013;134:327-32.
Castañeda-Ramírez GS, Mathieu C, Vilarem G, et al. Age of Haemonchus contortus third stage infective larvae is a factor influencing the in vitro assessment of anthelmintic properties of tannin containing plant extracts. Vet Parasitol 2017;243:130-4.
Carvalho CO, Chagas AC, Cotinguiba F, et al. The anthelmintic effect of plant extracts on Haemonchus contortus and Strongyloides venezuelensis. Vet Parasitol 2012;183:260-8.
Eguale T, Tadesse D, Giday M. In vitro anthelmintic activity of crude extracts of five medicinal plants against egg-hatching and larval development of Haemonchus contortus. J Ethnopharmacol 2011;137:108-13.
Zaman MA, Iqbal Z, Khan MN, Muhammad G. Anthelmintic activity of a herbal formulation against gastrointestinal nematodes of sheep. Pak Vet J 2012;32:117-21.
Lone BA, Chishti MZ, Bhat FA, et al. Anthelmintic activities of aqueous and methanol extracts of Prunella vulgaris L. Nat Prod Chem Res 2017;5:2.
Brunet S, Fourquaux I, Hoste H. Ultrastructural changes in the third-stage, infective larvae of ruminant nematodes treated with sainfoin (Onobrychis viciifolia) extract. Parasitol Int 2011;60: 419-24.
Stromberg BE, et al. Cooperia punctata: effect on cattle productivity? Vet Parasitol 2012;183:284-91.
von Son-de Fernex E, Alonso-Díaz MÁ, Valles-de la Mora B, et al. Anthelmintic effect of 2H-chromen-2-one isolated from Gliricidia sepium against Cooperia punctate. Exp Parasitol 2017;178:1-6.
von Son-de Fernex E, Alonso-Díaz MÁ, Mendoza-de Gives P, Valles-de la Mora B, et al. Elucidation of Leucaena leucocephala anthelmintic-like phytochemicals and the ultrastructural damage generated to eggs of Cooperia spp. Vet Parasitol 2015;214:89-95.
Despommier D. Toxocariasis: clinical aspects, epidemiology, medical ecology, and molecular aspects. Clin Microbiol Rev 2003;16:265-72.
Reis M, Trinca A, Ferreira MJU, Monsalve-Puello AR, Grácio MAA. Toxocara canis: potential activity of natural products against second-stage larvae in vitro and in vivo. Exp Parasitol 2010;126:191-7.
Ng-Nguyen D, Hii SF, Nguyen VAT, et al. Re-evaluation of the species of hookworms infecting dogs in Central Vietnam. Parasit Vectors 2015;8:1-6.
Monteiro JNM, Archanjo AB, Passos GP, et al. Chenopodium ambrosioides L. essential oil and ethanol extract on control of canine Ancylostoma spp. Semin Ciências Agrárias 2017;38:1947-54.
Gibbs HC. Epidemiology, diagnosis and control of gastrointestinal parasitism. Kenya, Ilard 1986;121.
Taylor MA, Hunt KR, Goodyear KL. Anthelmintic resistance detection methods. Vet Parasitol 2002;103:183-94.
Kozan E, Anul SA, Tatli II. In vitro anthelmintic effect of Vicia pannonica var. purpurascens on trichostrongylosis in sheep. Exp Parasitol 2013;134:299-303.
Olmedo-Juárez A, Rojo-Rubio R, Arece-García J, et al. In vitro activity of Pithecellobium dulce and Lysiloma acapulcensis on exogenous development stages of sheep gastrointestinal strongyles. Ital J Anim Sci 2014;13:3104.
Thiengo SC, de Oliveira Simões R, Fernandez MA, Júnior AM. Angiostrongylus cantonensis and rat lungworm disease in Brazil. Hawai’i J Med Public Heal 2013;72:18.
Feng F, Feng Y, Liu Z, et al. Effects of Albendazole combined with TSII-A (a Chinese herb compound) on optic neuritis caused by Angiostrongylus cantonensis in BALB/c mice. Parasit Vectors 2015;8:1-8.
Doyle SR, Armoo S, Renz A, et al. Discrimination between Onchocerca volvulus and O. ochengi filarial larvae in Simulium damnosum (sl.) and their distribution throughout central Ghana using a versatile high-resolution speciation assay. Parasit Vectors 2016;9:536.
Ndjonka D, Agyare C, Lüersen K, et al. In vitro activity of Cameroonian and Ghanaian medicinal plants on parasitic (Onchocerca ochengi) and free-living (Caenorhabditis elegans) nematodes. J Helminthol 2011;85:304-12.
Lalchhandama K. On the structure of Ascaridia galli, the roundworm of domestic fowl. Sci Vis 2010;10:20-30.
Ahmed R, Wani ZA, Allaie IM, et al. Toxocara vitulorum in a suckling calf: a case study. J Parasit Dis 2016;40:1330-1.
Shalaby HA, El Namaky AH, Khalil FA, Kandil OM. Efficacy of methanolic extract of Balanites aegyptiaca fruits on Toxocara vitulorum. Vet Parasitol 2012;183:86-392.
Mitreva M, Jasmer DP. Biology and genome of Trichinella spiralis. 2006. In: WormBook: The Online Review of C. elegans Biology [Internet]. Pasadena (CA): WormBook; 2005-2018.
Shalaby MA, Moghazy FM, Shalaby HA, Nasr SM. Effect of methanolic extract of Balanites aegyptiaca fruits on enteral and parenteral stages of Trichinella spiralis in rats. Parasitol Res 2010;107:17-25.
Sheiman IM, Shkutin MF, Terenina NB, Gustafsson MKS. A behavioral study of the beetle Tenebrio molitor infected with cysticercoids of the rat tapeworm Hymenolepis diminuta. Naturwissenschaften 2006;93:305-8.
Yadav AK, Nath P. Anthelmintic effects and toxicity of Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers. in rodent models. J Complement Med Res 2017;6:407-13.
Olson PD, Cribb TH, Tkach VV, et al. Phylogeny and classification of the Digenea (Platyhelminthes: Trematoda). Int J Parasitol 2003;33:733-55.
Swargiary A, Roy B. In vitro anthelmintic efficacy of Alpinia nigra and its bioactive compound, astragalin against Fasciolopsis buski. Int J Pharm Pharm Sci 2015;7:30-35.
Alvarez-Mercado JM, Ibarra-Velarde F, Alonso-Díaz MÁ, et al. In vitro antihelmintic effect of fifteen tropical plant extracts on excysted flukes of Fasciola hepatica. BMC Vet Res 2015;11:45.
Roy B, Swargiary A. Anthelmintic efficacy of ethanolic shoot extract of Alpinia nigra on tegumental enzymes of Fasciolopsis buski, a giant intestinal parasite. J Parasit Dis 2009;33:48-53.
Nassef NE, El-Kersh WM, El Sobky MM, et al. In-vitro and in-vivo Assessment of the Effect of Soybean Extract on Fasciola gigantica Infection in Comparison with Triclabendazole. Menoufia Med J. 2014;27:93.
Savioli L, Albonico M, Daumerie D, et al. Review of the 2017 WHO Guideline: Preventive chemotherapy to control soil-transmitted helminth infections in at-risk population groups. An opportunity lost in translation. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2018;12:e0006296.
Lima CM, Freitas FI, Morais LC, et al. Ultrastructural study on the morphological changes to male worms of Schistosoma mansoni after in vitro exposure to allicin. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop 2011;44:327-30.
Matos-Rocha TJ, Cavalcanti MG, Veras DL, et al. Ultrastructural changes in Schistosoma mansoni male worms after in vitro incubation with the essential oil of Mentha x villosa Huds. Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo 2016;58:4.
Jatsa HB, Sock TM, Tchuente LA, Kamtchouing P. Evaluation of the in vivo activity of different concentrations of Clerodendrum umbellatum Poir against Schistosoma mansoni infection in mice. Afr J Tradit Complement Altern Med 2009;6:216-21.
Hossain E, Chandra G, Nandy AP, et al. Anthelmintic effect of a methanol extract of leaves of Dregea volubilis on Paramphistomum explanatum. Parasitol Res 2012;110:809-14.
Hossain E, Chandra G, Nandy AP, et al. Anthelmintic effect of a methanol extract of Bombax malabaricum leaves on Paramphistomum explanatum. Parasitol Res 2012;110:1097-102.
Shalaby H, Soad N, Farag T. Tegumental effects of methanolic extract of Balanites aegyptiaca fruits on adult Paramphistomum microbothrium (Fischoeder 1901) under laboratory conditions. Iran J Parasitol 2016;11:396.
Dixit AK, Das G, Dixit P, Sharma RL. Efficacy of herbal extracts and closantel against fenbendazole-resistant Haemonchus contortus. J Helminthol 2019;93:529-32.
Basha H, et al. In-vitro anthelmintic efficacy of the 80% hydro-alcohol extract of Myrsine africana (kechemo) leaf on hookworm larvae. J Public Heal Dis Prev 2018;1:106.
Alowanou GG, Azando EVBB, Adenilé AD, et al. Evaluation of the in vivo anthelmintic properties of Mitragyna inermis (Willd.) as a livestock dewormer against parasitic hematophagous worm Haemonchus contortus infections in different breeds of lambs. Trop Anim Health Prod 2020;52:309-19.
Joshi UP, Wagh RD, Prabhakar Joshi U, Dayaram Wagh R. In vitro anthelmintic activity of Maytenus Emarginata stem bark on indian adult earthworm. In Vitro 2019;12:3.
Tavassoli M, Jalilzadeh-Amin G, Fard VRB, Esfandiarpour R. The in vitro effect of Ferula asafoetida and Allium sativum extracts on Strongylus spp. Ann Parasitol 2018;64:59-63.
Muunda M, Musubire JB, Nassali G, et al. Combined effects of Carica papaya seeds with Albendazole on adult pheritima posthuma. East Africa Sci 2020;2:88-91.
Belemlilga MB, Traoré A, Belemnaba L, et al. Ovicidal and larvicidal activities of Saba senegalensis (A. DC) Pichon (Apocynaceae) extracts and fractions on heligmosomoides bakeri (Nematoda, Heligmosomatidae). J Pharm Res Int 2019;31:1-13.
Widiarso BP, Kurniasih K, Prastowo J, Nurcahyo W. Morphology and morphometry of Haemonchus contortus exposed to Gigantochloa apus crude aqueous extract. Vet World 2018;11:921-5.
Da Rocha LO, et al. Chemical characterization and in vitro biological activity of Cymbopogon citratus extracts against Haemonchus spp. and Trichostrongylus spp. nematodes from sheep. Parasitology 2020;147:1559-68.
Maestrini M, Tava A, Mancini S, et al. In vitro anthelmintic activity of Saponins from Medicago spp. against sheep gastrointestinal nematodes. Molecules 2020;25:242.
Houshmand E, Kamalifar HS, Elmi H. In vitro scolicidal effect of ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe) ethanolic extract against protoscolices of hydatid cyst. Iran J Vet Med 2019;13:87-99.
Goswami S, Singh RP. In vitro assessment of anthelmintic and alpha-amylase inhibition of schleichera oleosa (Lour.) oken leaf extracts. Asian J Pharm Clin Res 2018;11:487-91.
Mubarokah WW, Nurcahyo W, Prastowo J, Kurniasih K. In vitro and in vivo Areca catechu crude aqueous extract as an anthelmintic against Ascaridia galli infection in chickens. Vet World 2019;12:877.
Shalaby H, El Namaky A, Kandil O, Hassan N. In vitro assessment of Balanites aegyptiaca fruit methanolic extract on the adult Toxocara canis. Iran J Parasitol 2018;13:643.
Tsehayneh B, Melaku A. In vitro egg hatchability inhibition effect of Albizia gummifera, Phytolacca dodecandra, and Vernonia amygdalina against natural infection of ovine GIT nematodes. J Med Bot 2019;3:5-7.
Wahyuni S, Sunarso S, Prasetiyono BWHE, Satrija F. Exploration of anthelmintic activity of Cassia spp. extracts on gastrointestinal nematodes of sheep. J Adv Vet Anim Res 2019;6:236-40.
Zaheer S, Hussain A, Khalil A, et al. In vitro anthelmintic activity of ethanolic extracts of Camellia sinensis L. and Albizia lebbeck L. against Haemonchus contortus. Punjab Univ J Zool 2019;34:41-45.
Alowanou GG, Olounladé PA, Akouèdegni GC, et al. In vitro anthelmintic effects of Bridelia ferruginea, Combretum glutinosum, and Mitragyna inermis leaf extracts on Haemonchus contortus, an abomasal nematode of small ruminants. Parasitol Res 2019;118:1215-23.
Hmoodal-Khalidy K. Molecular diagnosis of hymenolepisnanain experimentally infected swiss mice and study the effect of the hot aqueous extract of syzygiumaromaticum (clove) on the worms. J Res Lepid 2020;51:147-57.
Giradkar PN, Lkhande VK. Worm Infestation and child health care: anthelmintic pellets of papaya. J Pharmaceut Adv Res 2018;1:101-10.
Philip R, Krishnasamy K, Abraham E. Evaluation of in vitro anthelmintic activity of extracts of jasminum sessiliflorum. Int J Res Pharm Sci 2019;10:2542-44.
Kharisma VL, Koesdarto S, Supriandono K, et al. Anthelmintic activity ethanol extract of Ocimum sanctum Linn leaves against Ascaridia galli in vitro. J Parasite Sci 2018;2:21-8.
Lalruatfela B, Lalthanpuii PB, Lalnunfela C, Lalchhandama K. Nematocidal effects of tobacco infusion (tuibur) against intestinal helminth parasites of chicken. J Environ Biol 2020;41:840-4.
Freitas Macedo IT, Beserra de Oliveira LM, Pinheiro André WP, et al. Anthelmintic effect of Cymbopogon citratus essential oil and its nanoemulsion on sheep gastrointestinal nematodes Efeito anti-helmíntico do óleo essencial de Cymbopogon citratus e sua nanoemulsão sobre nematoides gastrintestinais de ovinos. Electron Braz J Vet Parasitol 2019;28:522-7.
D’Ambola M, et al. In vitro anthelminthic efficacy of Hypoestes forskaolii (Vahl) R. Br (Acanthaceae) extracts on gastrointestinal nematodes of sheep. Vet Sci 2018;5:89.
Cabral ERM, Moraes D, Levenhagen MA, et al. In vitro ovicidal and larvicidal activity of Carica papaya seed hexane extract against Strongyloides venezuelensis. Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo 2019;61:
Ahmed AH, Ejo M, Feyera T, et al. In vitro anthelmintic activity of crude extracts of Artemisia herba-alba and Punica granatum against Haemonchus contortus. J Parasitol Res 2020;2020: 4950196.
Ngwewondo A, et al. Filaricidal properties of Lantana camara and Tamarindus indica extracts, and Lantadene A from L. camara against Onchocerca ochengi and Loa loa. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2018;12:e0006565.
Olukotun AB, Bello IA, Oyewale OA. Phytochemical and anthelmintic activity of Terminalia catappa (Linn) leaves. J Appl Sci Environ Manag 2018;22:1343.
Nath S, Pal S, Sanyal PK, et al. Anthelmintic activity of curcuma longa ethanolic extract against benzimidazole resistant gastrointestinal nematodes in goats. Int J Livestock Res 2019;9:117-22.
Hamad KK. Assessment of Azadirachta indica seed kernel extracts to restrict the rampancy of antinematicidal-resistant Haemonchus contortus in ovine. Zanco J Pure Appl Sci 2018;30:29-43.
Aderibigbe SA, Idowu SO. Anthelmintic activity of Ocimum gratissimum and Cymbopogon citratus leaf extracts against Haemonchus placei adult worm. J Pharm Bioresour 2020;17:8-12.
Mahmoudvand H, Pakravanan M, Aflatoonian MR, et al. Efficacy and safety of Curcuma longa essential oil to inactivate hydatid cyst protoscoleces. BMC Complement Altern Med 2019;19:187.
Behera DR, Bhatnagar S. Assessment of macrofilaricidal activity of leaf extracts of Terminalia sp. against bovine filarial parasite Setaria cervi. J Infect Public Health 2018;11:643-7.
Sujith S, Priya MN, Deepa CK, Usha PTA. Characterization of the Anthelmintic Activity of Murraya koenigii (Linn.). Pharmacogn J 2018;10:s100-3.
Zangueu CB, Olounlade AP, Ossokomack M, et al. In vitro effects of aqueous extract from Maytenus senegalensis (Lam.) Exell stem bark on egg hatching, larval migration and adult worms of Haemonchus contortus. BMC Vet Res 2018;14:147.
Zaman MA, Qamar W, Yousaf S, et al. In vitro Experiments Revealed the Anthelmintic Potential of Herbal Complex against Haemonchus contortus. Pakistan Vet J 2019:128.
Chitura T, Shiba MR, Afful DB, et al. In vitro anthelmintic activity of seven medicinal plants used to control livestock internal parasites in chief Albert Luthuli municipality, South Africa. Livestock Res Rural Dev 2019;31:14.
Chaudhari MK, Chaudhari RD, Girase PR, et al. Anthelmentic activity of Tridax procumbens Linn leaves on indian earthworms. Res J Pharm Technol 2018;11:5373-5.
Tessema EN, Neubert RHH, Tanemossu SAF, et al. Anthelmintic activity-guided fractionation and GC-MS analysis of extracts from Embelia schimperi fruits. In J Appl Res Nat Products 2018. Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/325287233_Anthelmintic_activity-guided_fractionation_and_GC-MS_analysis_of_extracts_from_Embelia_schimperi_fruits
Naraparaju NA, Lokesh C, Sojan WA, et al. Phytochemical examination of plant and preforming anthelmintic activity of ethanolic extract of dioscorea mexicana fruits on pherithima posthuma and bioassy on frog rectum abdominal muscle. Int J Res Eng Sci Manag 2018;1:53-4.
Mallya R, Malim F, Naik A, Bhitre M. Evaluation of Anthelmintic Potential of Leaves and Fruits of Zanthoxylum rhetsa. Pharmacogn J 2019;11:475-8.
Sen D, Agnihotri RK, Sharma D, Moudgil AD. In-Vitro Assays on Mangifera indica and Embelia ribes against Ascaridia galli of poultry. Himachal J Agric Res 2018;44:117-24.
Aderibigbe SA, Oyeniran OS, Idowu SO. Anthelmintic activity of Nauclea diderrichii leaf extracts and fractions against adult haemonchus placei. Niger J Pharm. Res 2020;16:81-6.
Singh G, et al. Investigation of in vitro anthelmintic activity of Caesalpinia pulcherrima leaves. Plant Arch 2019;19:4527-30.
Jadhav A, Patil S, Inamdar S. A study on in vitro anthelmintic activity of ethanolic extracts of leaves Citrus aurantifolia swingle against Pheritima posthuma. Int J Pharm Sci Med 2018;3:1-8.
Islam R, Zahra SFT, Sumon SMI, et al. Evaluation of anthelmintic activity of ethanolic extracts of Carica papaya leaves using Paramphistomum cervi and Haemonchus contortus. African J Pharm Pharmacol 2019;13:146-50.
Barone CD, et al. Anthelmintic efficacy of cranberry vine extracts on ovine Haemonchus contortus. Vet Parasitol 2018;253:122-9.
Lalchhandama K. Anthelmintic activity of millettia pachycarpa root bark extract on an intestinal roundworm, Ascaridia galli. Pharmacogn J 2019;11:1428-33.
PAGEPress has chosen to apply the Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0) to all manuscripts to be published.
Downloads
Citations
