Veterinary Science Development

Estimation of the eeconomic values for the important traits of zel sheep in the intensive production system using a bio-economic model

Kian Pahlevan Afshar — 2019-01-10

To estimate economic values (EVs) of seven important traits including pregnancy rate (PR), litter size (LS), lamb weight at birth (BW0), three (weaning; BW3), six (BW6) and nine (BW9) months weight and survival rate until the age of 6 months (SR) in Zel sheep under an intensive production system in Mazandaran province of Iran, data from two farms were analysed using a bio-economic model. Variable costs accounted for about 99% of the total costs and the feed costs had the highest proportion with 72.54%. Among the income sources, the sale of surplus animals formed 81.4% of the total revenues. The EVs were estimated as the amount of change in the profit of the system after each trait mean increased by both 1% and one unit, while all other traits were constant at their mean values. The most important trait in this system was LS, followed by SR, PR, BW9, BW3, BW6 and BW0 respectively. The sensitivity of EVs was investigated by changing prices of feed and live weight of 9-month-old lambs by ±20%. Results showed that the EV of BW9 was the most constant and EV of BW0 was the most variable. As the prices of feed and live weight of 9-month-old lambs were simultaneously changed by ±20%, the variation in the EVs decreased and they showed more consistency. This study showed that the profitability in an intensive production system of Zel sheep could be increased by improving LS, SR, PR and BW9.

Isolation, molecular identification and antimicrobial resistance patterns of Campylobacter species of dairy origin: First report from Bangladesh

S. M. Lutful Kabir — 2019-01-10

This study was aimed for isolation, identification and characterization of Campylobacter species from Bangladesh Agricultural University dairy farm during the period of January to May, 2016. A total of 80 samples (fecal samples of calves, heifers and cows; milk samples of cows) were collected from Bangladesh Agricultural University dairy farm for isolation and identification of Campylobacter species by using cultural, biochemical and molecular methods. Moreover, the isolated Campylobacter species were subjected for antimicrobial susceptibility test. Campylobacter like organisms were presumptively identified in 20 samples. Isolates were biochemically positive to catalase and oxidase tests and in hippurate hydrolysis test some of the isolates (n=6) shown negative that indicated the isolates were C. coli and some of the test isolates (n=14) shown positive that indicated the isolates were C. jejuni. Campylobacter specific 16S rRNA genes were amplified from the isolates. Out of 20 isolated Campylobacter 14 (17.5%) were detected as C. jejuni and the rest 6 (7.5%) were detected as C. coli by cdtC gene based multiplex PCR assay. C. jejuni were resistant to amoxicillin, erythromycin, azithromycin and susceptible to gentamicin, ciprofloxacin, norfloxacin and streptomycin. Furthermore, C. coli were resistant to amoxicillin and erythromycin and susceptible to gentamycin, ciproflaxacin. Out of 20 Campylobacter isolates, 57.14% C. jejuni and 33.33% C. coli were identified as multidrug resistant. To the best of our knowledge, this study has brought the first report on the occurrence of Campylobacter species with their antibiogram profiles in any dairy farm of Bangladesh.

Performance of Cobb 500 broiler chicks feed by Chamomile alcoholic extract

Yaser Rahimian — 2018-08-08

This study was performed to evaluate the effect of chamomile alcoholic extract on performance, some blood parameters and intestinal characteristics of broiler chicks. A total 320 one day old Cobb 500 broiler chicks were randomly divided into 4 treatments. Treatments were further divided into 4 replicates. Chicks were fed a basal diet as control group, basal diet with 0.3% chamomile extract (S1), basal diet with 0.5% chamomile extracts (S2) and basal diet with 0.7% chamomile extract (S3). The experiment was carried out of 42 days. Feed intake FI and body weight gain BW was calculated for estimation of feed conversion ratio FCR. At the end of experimental period (42 days), to determine carcass traits and other parameters, 2 birds form each replicate were slaughtered. Additionally, the blood serum samples were subjected to biochemical analysis. For determination intestinal characteristics, small intestine tissues were collected. Data from this study showed that improvement of body weight gain and feed conversion were found in chamomile extract groups (P<0.05). There were significant differences between carcasses traits in treatments feed by chamomile extract. As result reveled from this study serum triglyceride, cholesterol LDL decreased in groups fed by chamomile alcoholic extract and HDL increased significantly (P<0.05) instead. In addition, villus height decreased in S1and S2 groups. An increasing crypt depth was seen on S2. According to these data villus widths, epithelium layer and goblet cells increased by using chamomile extract specially by using S2. In conclusion, we could demonstrate that chamomile alcoholic extract may be used as ingredient in broilers ration without harming effects on carcass characteristics, blood biochemical parameters, and intestinal morphology of Ross 308 broiler chicks.

Effect of using ginger, red and black pepper powder as phytobiotics with Protexin® probiotic on performance, carcass characteristics and some blood biochemical on Japanese quails (Coturnix japonica)

Yaser Rahimian — 2018-08-08

This experiment was conducted to evaluate the feeding values of ginger, red and black pepper powder with protexin on performance of Japanese quails. A total 240 ten-days-old male Japanese quails with an average weight of 19±5 g were divided into 8 treatments with 3 replicates as randomized factorial design. The quails were fed by basal diet as control diet, 2% ginger, 2% red pepper 2% black pepper powder with or without protexin probiotic respectively. At the end of trial for carcass evaluation 2 birds form each group were slaughtered. Also, some parameters such as feed intake, body weight gains, and feed conversion ratio were calculated and compared together. Some blood parameters such as cholesterol, triglyceride, high density lipoprotein, low density lipoprotein of quail’s blood was determined. In conclusion it seems that inclusion of ginger, red and black pepper powder in quails’ diet at level of 2% may be useful and have significant effects on performance and blood biochemical on Japanese quails.

Short- and long-term results of chordal reconstruction using artificial suture material (polytetrafluoroethylene and polypropylene) in the dog

Isamu Kanemoto — 2017-04-10

No previous reports have compared the suitability of expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (ePTFE) and polypropylene as artificial suture materials for chordal reconstruction in mitral valve plasty (MVP) in the dog. Twelve normal dogs were subjected to MVP using surfaceinduced deep hypothermia. In the short-term group (1.5-4 months after surgery), all ePTFE sutures were covered by a tissue sheath including the paired suture arms, which gave the appearance of native chordae from 2 months after surgery. In contrast, all polypropylene sutures were not covered by tissue, and appeared the same as the paired polypropylene suture arms at the operation. In the long-term group (12 months after surgery), all ePTFE sutures were covered by a tissue sheath, which appeared the same as that in the short-term group, and had flexibility without increased thickness with time. In contrast, although the polypropylene suture was covered completely by a tissue sheath in 1 dog, all the other polypropylene sutures were exposed except for both ends of the suture. ePTFE may be superior to polypropylene as an artificial suture material for chordal reconstruction in MVP.

Canine rheumatoid arthritis characterized by hyperprolactinemia

Tohru Kimura — 2017-04-10

The senile female dog suffering from rheumatoid arthritis was clinically and clinicopathologically examined. The articular lesions localized in the elbows, stifles, and the carpal and tarsal joints. The dog with clinical signs of arthritis developed draining nodular lesions in the involved joints. The affected joints became swollen, and then serous exudates were observed in their ulcerative lesions. In addition, the dog developed leaks of milk (lactorrhea) in response to suckling stimuli. There were no abnormal values in hematological and blood coagulation profiles. Serum biochemical examinations showed an increase in total protein concentrations. Serum protein electrophoresis confirmed a prominent decrease in albumin and moderate increases in β1, β2 and γ-globurin. The serum prolactin concentration was apparently higher than that of normal dogs. This affected dog had raised rheumatoid factors and immune complexes. Both antinuclear antibodies and direct Coombs test were positive and serum complement titers and anti DNA antibodies were increased in this dog. In conclusion, the present results revealed that lactorrhea characterized by hyperprolactinemia and autoimmunological profiles was one of important clinical predictors associated with an increased risk of rheumatoid arthritis.

Open heart surgery with deep hypothermic cardiopulmonary bypass and more than 90 minutes of aortic cross clamp time in 10 small dogs

Kippei Mihara — 2017-04-10

No previous reports have described cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) techniques involving long aortic cross clamp (ACC) times in small-breed dogs. We previously described open heart surgery under deep hypothermic CPB in small and toy dogs with an approximate ACC time limit of 1 hour, given the low success rate beyond 90 minutes of ACC time. Herein, we describe improvements in cardiac anesthesia, CPB, and cardioplegia that led to a high success rate of open heart surgery with a long ACC time in small dogs. Ten small-breed dogs with severe mitral regurgitation were subjected to mitral valve plasty that necessitated cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) beyond 90 minutes of ACC time. In the present study, all dogs survived surgery; 7 survived to discharge. In other words, we achieved a high success rate of 70% with mitral valve plasty beyond 90 minutes of ACC time (mean, 105.1 minutes: range, 90-117 minutes). For small dogs, successful open heart surgery with a long ACC time may require cardiac balanced anesthesia, CPB with increased drainage and, importantly, thorough cardioplegia without hemodilution.

Prevalence and risk factors associated with Campylobacter among layer farms

Mohammad Q. Al-Natour — 2018-12-31

Campylobacter jejuni is an important food-borne pathogen. The main source of this pathogen is poultry and poultry products. Poultry farms of low biosecurity level plays major role in disseminating this pathogen. The objectives of this study were to investigate the occurrence of Campylobacter and identify potential risk factors associated with their presence in layer farms in Northern Jordan. A total of 2524 samples from chickens, litter, water and feed were collected from 35-layer farms. Samples underwent conventional and enrichment isolation methods for Campylobacter. Confirmation was done morphologically, biochemically and by PCR typing. The flock-level prevalence of C. jejuni was 40%, 37%, 20% in chicken cloacae, drinking water and litter respectively. C. jejuni was the only confirmed isolated species. None of the feed samples revealed presence of Campylobacter. The concentration of free residual chlorine was below the recommended standard levels. The risk factors were identified using modified semi-structured questionnaire. There was no significant association between evaluated risk factors and isolation status potentially reflecting small number of study farms. The prevalence rate for C. jejuni is within commonly reported range. High stocking density, short distance between farms, improper hygienic practice and low water chlorine level seems to increase occurrence rate of Campylobacter in layer farms. Educational biosecurity programs regarding C. jejuni transmission and their public health importance needs to be established.

Intestinal T-cell lymphoma with eosinophilic infiltration in a cat: a cytohistopathological evaluation with immunophenotyping

Zahra Nikousefat — 2017-12-11

In the present study, we describe the cytohistopathological and immunohistochemical characteristics of the intestinal Tcell lymphoma in a seven-year-old male Persian cat, applying the World Health Organization (WHO) system for the classification of domestic animal lymphomas. In fine-needle aspiration, mesenteric lymph nodes contained many lymphocytes from small- to medium-size, a few lymphoblasts and plasma cells, and rare eosinophils suggestive of hyperplastic lymph node. Histopathologically, diffuse infiltration and proliferation of tumor cells in the large intestine mucosa with architectural distortion of the crypts to the tunica muscularis in the submucosa and mucosal ulceration were observed. The tumor cells were composed of small-to-intermediate-sized lymphocytes with round, monomorphic nuclei and scantto- moderate cytoplasm. Eosinophils infiltration was present. The mitotic rate was low. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed that neoplastic cells were mostly and strongly positive for T-cell phenotype CD3+ but negative for B-cell phenotypes CD20- and CD79a-. On the basis of cytology, histopathology, and immunohistochemical findings, the present tumor was diagnosed as intestinal T-cell lymphoma, according to WHO histological classification. Applying the WHO classification system for the diagnosis of feline lymphomas is very useful and has high accuracy and consistency. Although cytological examination may assist in the evaluation of gastrointestinal disease, histopathological examination is necessary to establish a definitive diagnosis of alimentary lymphoma.

Long-term survival of two dogs after mitral valve plasty

Isamu Kanemoto — 2017-04-10

Two small 9-year-old dogs received mitral valve plasty (MVP) for severe mitral regurgitation that could not be controlled via drug administration. MVP consisted of chordal reconstruction using expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (ePTFE) sutures and semicircular suture annuloplasty using polypropylene sutures. In both cases, the clinical signs dramatically improved after MVP, although postoperative echocardiography revealed slight residual mitral regurgitant flow. Both dogs survived for several years after MVP without any signs of cardiac distress; one dog survived for 9 years and 1 month, and the other dog survived for 7 years and 10 months. These findings highlight the durability of ePTFE sutures as artificial chordae and the excellence of semicircular suture annuloplasty in small dogs.