Immune response assessment of inactivated Newcastle disease virus liposomal-based vaccine


https://doi.org/10.4081/vsd.2014.5514
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Authors

  • Mohammad Khalifeh
    mskn@just.edu.jo
    Department of Basic Veterinary Medical Science, Veterinary Science College, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan.
  • Shereen Assaf Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Pharmacy College, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan.
  • Walid Al-Saleh Department of Basic Veterinary Medical Science, Veterinary Science College, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan.
  • Mohammad Gharaibeh Department of Basic Veterinary Medical Science, Veterinary Science College, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan.
Liposomes were evaluated as an alternative carrier to deliver inactivated Newcastle disease virus (NDV). The ability of a liposomal-based NDV vaccine to activate both cell-mediated immunity (CMI) and humoral immunity against NDV was assessed and compared with conventional NDV vaccines. Birds were assigned to 4 groups and received either no vaccine (control), NDV entrapped into liposomes (LN-NDV), NDV with oil adjuvant (oil-NDV), or live attenuated NDV (live-NDV). All birds were stimulated after 40 days of vaccination in vivo by an intravenous injection of inactivated NDV crude antigen, which is considered an in vivo NDV-specific stimulation of the chicken immune system. After vaccination and in vivo stimulation, serum samples were collected for NDV-specific antibody response evaluation by a hemagglutination inhibition test (HI) and an enzyme-linked immune sorbent assay (ELISA). The CMI and humoral immunity were evaluated by a measurement of the chicken interferon gamma and specific antibody response in the serum, respectively. Conventional NDV vaccines were able to stimulate a strong humoral and CMI response. Although the newly tested vaccine induced a weak NDV-specific antibody response after vaccination, the response was highly up-regulated, several folds above the protective level, after in vivo stimulation. All NDV vaccine formulas were able to induce a CMI response after vaccination at variable time points. This study revealed that a liposomal NDV-based vaccination in this experimental model tends to induce CMI and can only be beneficial in priming vaccinated birds to promote a strong anti-body response to later NDV exposure.