A microRNA focus on acne
https://doi.org/10.4081/dr.2024.9902
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Authors
- Sarah Gordon School of Pharmacy, University of Birmingham, United Kingdom. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6263-3968
- Alison M. Layton Skin Research Centre, Hull York Medical School, University of York; Harrogate and District NHS Foundation Trust, Harrogate, United Kingdom. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0473-3319
- Sandra Fawcett School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University; Institute for Health Research, Liverpool John Moores University, United Kingdom. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1474-8434
- Kehinde Ross School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University; Institute for Health Research, Liverpool John Moores University, United Kingdom. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0252-1152
Acne (syn. acne vulgaris) is a common inflammatory skin disorder associated with puberty and adolescence. The disease is characterized by comedoneous lesions, papules, pustules, and nodules that are mostly found on the face. These lesions are caused by intricate interactions between the pilosebaceous unit and the Cutibacterium acnes (C. acnes) bacteria. Unhealthy acne and its aftereffects, like pigment changes and scarring, have a detrimental impact on one’s quality of life. Recent years have seen a sharp increase in the approval of nucleic acid therapies (NATs), such as antisense oligonucleotides and short-interfering RNA medications, for rare diseases for which there are few or no effective treatments. These developments suggest that NATs may be useful in acne treatment plans down the road, as do clinical trials for microRNA (miRNA) modulation in skin contexts. We highlight promising miRNA targets for anti-acne therapy in this review. We outline the pathophysiology of acne in brief and emphasize the functions of C. acnes. Next, we concentrate on the distinct impacts of biofilm and planktonic C. acnes on a Toll-like receptor 2 axis that spans miR-146a-5p, which was recently discovered. Before discussing the potential contributions of miR-21- 5p, miR-233-3p, and miR-150-5p to inflammatory axes in acne, we evaluate miR-146a-5p in sebocytes. Finally, we address patient involvement in miRNA-related acne research and translational perspectives.
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