Analysis of interleukin 7 and platelet-derived growth factor-BB mRNA expression as potential markers in erythema nodosum leprosum
https://doi.org/10.4081/dr.2023.9773
Accepted: 16 July 2023
HTML: 7
All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations, or those of the publisher, the editors and the reviewers. Any product that may be evaluated in this article or claim that may be made by its manufacturer is not guaranteed or endorsed by the publisher.
Erythema nodosum leprosum (ENL) is an immunological complication of leprosy characterized by acute inflammation of the skin, nerves, and other organs. Identifying laboratory parameters is important for early diagnosis of leprosy reactions. Various cytokine biomarkers have been examined and only a few studies have reported on angiogenesis in leprosy. This study aims to understand the pathomechanism of ENL by examining IL-7 and plateletderived growth factor (PDGF)-BB mRNA expression that can be the development and consideration of new effective therapies to prevent reactions, recurrences, and defects in leprosy. The study used a cross-sectional analytic design. Sampling was done by peripheral blood from the patient and measuring mRNA expression with specific primers RT-PCR. The expression of mRNA IL-7 and PDGF-BB was significantly different between multibasilar patients without reaction and with ENL reaction, where there was an increased expression in ENL patients. This could be used as the development of potential biomarkers in ENL and development of new therapeutic intervention pathways in ENL.
Hungria EM, Sekula SB, Oliviera RMD, Aderaldo LC, Pontes ADet al. Leprosy reactions: The predictive value of mycobacterium leprae-specific serology evaluated in a Brazilian cohort of leproy reactions (U-MDT/CT-BR). Plos Neglected Tropical Diseases.2017.11(2).
WHO. Global leprosy (Hansen disease) update,2019.Time to step-up prevention initiatives.Wkly. Epidermiol.Rec.2020;95:417-440
Pandhi D, Chhabra N. New insights in the pathogenesis of type 1 and type 2 lepra reaction. Indian J Dermatol Venereol Leprol. 2013; 79(6):739–49 DOI: https://doi.org/10.4103/0378-6323.120719
Kumar B, Kar K.M. Text book of Leprosy. Indian Association of Leprologists. The
Health Science Publisher. India. 2010. 424-431
Bilik L, Demir B, Cicek D. Leprosy reactions. Intech open. Turki: 2017:81-91
Polycarpou A, Walker SL, Lockwood DN. A systematic review of immunological studies of erythema nodosum leprosum. Front Immunol. 2017;8:233 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2017.00233
Iyer A, Hatta M, Usman R, Luiten S, Oskam L et al. Serum leve;s of interferon , tumour necrosis factor-,soluble interleukin-6R and soluble cell activation markers for monitoring response to treatment of leprosy reactions. Clinical and Experimental Immunology. 2007;150;210-16 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2249.2007.03485.x
Rusyati LM, Hatta M, Widiana IG, Adiguna MS, Wardana M et al. Higher Treg FoxP3 and TGF- mRNA exprsesion in type 2 reaction ENL (Erythema Nodosum Leprosum) Patients in Mycobacterium leprae infection. The open MicrobiologyJournal. 2020:14:304-9 DOI: https://doi.org/10.2174/1874434602014010304
Stefani MM, Guerra JG, Sousa ALM, Costa MB, Oliveira ML, et.al. Potential plasma markers of type 1 and 2 leprosy reactions: a preliminary report. Brazil: BMC Infectious Diseases. 2009;9:75 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2334-9-75
Bikker A, Hack CE, Lafeber FPJG, Roon JAG. Interleukin-7 : a key mediator in T cell-driven autoimmunity. Current Pharmaceutical Design. 2012;18:1-10 DOI: https://doi.org/10.2174/138161212800165979
Andrae J, Gallini R, Betsholtz C. Role of platelet-derived growth factors in physiology and medicine. 2008. Genes & Development. 22:1276–1312 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1101/gad.1653708
Fretto LJ, Snape AJ, Tomlinson JE, Seroogy JJ, Wolf DL, et.al. Mechanism of platelet-derived growth factor AA, AB, and BB binding to α and β PDGF receptor. The journal of biological chemistry. 1993;268(5):3625-31 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9258(18)53739-X
Antunes SL, Motta E, de Almeida SM, Gallo ME, Nery JA, Lenzi HL. Distinct patterns of microvasculature in the cutaneous lesions of leprosy. Int J Lepr Other Mycobact Dis. 2000;68:143–151
Vilani-Moreno FR, Brito-de-Souza VN, Silva SUR, Barbosa AS, Sartori BG, Campanelli AP, et al. Increased serum levels of interleukin-6 in erythema nodosum leprosum suggest its use as a biomarker. Indian J Dermatol Venereol Leprol 2021;87:190-8. DOI: https://doi.org/10.25259/IJDVL_143_20
PocaterraL,JainS,ReddyR,MuzaffarullahS,TorresO,SuneethaS,etal.Clinical course of erythema nodosum leprosum: An 11-year cohort study in Hyderabad, India. The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene. 2006;74:868-879 DOI: https://doi.org/10.4269/ajtmh.2006.74.868
Arora M, Katoch K, Natrajan M, Kamal R, Yadav VS. Changing profile of disease in leprosy patients diagnosed in a tertiary care centre during years 1995‐2000.Indian J Lepr. 2008.;80 :257‐65
Iyer A,Eijk M, Silva E, Hatta M, Faver W, Aerts JM et al. Increased chitotriosidase activity in serum of leprosy patients : Association with bacillary leprosy. Clinical Immunology.2009;131:501-9 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clim.2009.02.003
Barnes PF, Chatterjee D, Brennan PJ, Rea TH, Modlin RL. Tumor necrosis factor production in patients with leprosy. Infection and immunity. 1992;60(4):1441-1446. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1128/iai.60.4.1441-1446.1992
Belgaumkar VA, Gokhale NR, Mahajan PM, Bharadwaj R, Pandit DP, Deshpande S. Circulating cytokine profiles in leprosy patients. Lepr Rev 2007;78:223‐30. DOI: https://doi.org/10.47276/lr.78.3.223
Appasamy PM. Biological and clinical implications of interleukin-7 and lymphopoiesis. Cytokines Cell Mol Ther 1999;5:25–39.
Lundstrom W, Fewkes NM, Mackall CL. IL-7 in human health and disease. Immunol. 2012;24:218–24. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.smim.2012.02.005
Alpdogan O, van den Brink MR. IL-7 and IL-15 : Therapeutic Cytokines for Immunodeficiency. Trends Immunol (2005) 26(1):56–64 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.it.2004.11.002
Gonzalez-Quintial R, Lawson BR, Scatizzi JC, Craft J, Kono DH, Baccala R, et al. Systemic autoimmunity and lymphoproliferation are associated with excess IL-7 and inhibit byIL-7Rα blockade. PLoS One. 2011;6:e27528. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0027528
Roon JA, Glaudem KA, Bijlsma JW, Lafeber FP. Interleukin 7 stimulates tumor necrosis factor α and Th1 cytokine production in joints of patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Ann Rheum Dis 2003;62:113–119 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1136/ard.62.2.113
Chen D, Tang T-X, Deng H, Yang X-P and Interleukin-7 Biology and Its Effects on Immune Cells: Mediator of Generation, Differentiation, Survival, and Homeostasis. Front. Immunol.2021;12:747324 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2021.747324
Martin F, Chan AC. B cell immunobiology in disease: evolving concepts from the clinic. Annu Rev Immunol. 2006;23(24):467-496. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.immunol.24.021605.090517
Kifayet A, Shahid F, Lucas S, Hussain R. Erythema nodosum leprosum is associated with upregulation of polyclonal IgG1 antibody synthesis. Clin Exp Immunol 1996;106:44753. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2249.1996.d01-860.x
Huggenberger R, Detmar M. The cutaneous vascular system in chronic skin inflammation. The predictive value of mycobacterium leprae-specific serology evaluated in a Brazilian cohort of leprosy patients ( U-MDT/CT-BR). Plos Neglected Tropical Diseases. 2017. 11(2) DOI: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0005396
Carmeliet P. Angiogenesis in life, disease and medicine. Nature. 2005;438 : 932-936 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/nature04478
El-Khawalany M, Shaaban D, Sultan M, Alsalam FA. Inhibition of angiogenesis as a new therapeutic target in the treatment of lepromatous leprosy. Clinical, Cosmetic and Investigational Dermatology. 2012:5 1–6 DOI: https://doi.org/10.2147/CCID.S26200
Copyright (c) 2023 the Author(s)
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
PAGEPress has chosen to apply the Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0) to all manuscripts to be published.
Downloads
Citations
